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German C2 · Elevated Nominal Style

Übung: Nominalstil vs. Verbalstil – C2 German Grammar

Practice: nominal vs. verbal style – summary

Verbal style is livelier and easier to understand; nominal style sounds more formal, objective and detached. Masterful texts mix both deliberately – depending on the function of the sentence.

Which style when?

text type / functionpreferred style
law, contract, official noticestrongly nominal
academic papernominal, with verbal explanations
news report, headlinenominal (headline), mixed (body)
essay, commentarymixed, rather verbal
story, speech, e-mailverbal

Conversions in both directions

verbal stylenominal style
Weil die Kosten gestiegen sind, … (Because costs have risen …)Aufgrund gestiegener Kosten … (Owing to increased costs …)
Wenn man den Vertrag kündigt, … (If you terminate the contract …)Bei Kündigung des Vertrags … (Upon termination of the contract …)
Nachdem das Gesetz verabschiedet worden war, … (After the law had been passed …)Nach Verabschiedung des Gesetzes … (After the passing of the law …)
Damit die Umwelt geschützt wird, … (So that the environment is protected …)Zum Schutz der Umwelt … (For the protection of the environment …)
Indem man Energie spart, … (By saving energy …)Durch Energieeinsparung … (Through energy savings …)
Obwohl man sich sehr bemüht hat, … (Although great efforts were made …)Trotz intensiver Bemühungen … (Despite intensive efforts …)
Solange die Bauarbeiten dauern, … (As long as construction lasts …)Für die Dauer der Bauarbeiten … (For the duration of construction …)

Nominal-style tools at a glance

  • -ung / -heit / -keit / -ion / nominalised infinitive
  • genitive attributes (sparingly!) and compounds
  • prepositions: aufgrund, infolge, angesichts, hinsichtlich, zwecks, mittels
  • light-verb constructions: in Kraft treten, zur Anwendung kommen
  • participial attributes: die zu erwartenden Kosten (the expected costs)

Style rule for good texts

As much nominal style as necessary, as much verbal style as possible.

Examples:

  • Die Inbetriebnahme der Anlage erfolgt nach Abschluss der Prüfung. ↔ Die Anlage wird in Betrieb genommen, sobald die Prüfung abgeschlossen ist. (The plant will be put into operation once the inspection is complete.)
  • Angesichts der Dringlichkeit … ↔ Weil die Sache dringend ist, … (Given the urgency … / Because the matter is urgent …)
  • Zwecks Vermeidung von Missverständnissen … ↔ Um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, … (To avoid misunderstandings …)

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